L-Glutaminase is widely distributed in microorganisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. The enzyme mainly catalyzes the hydrolysis of γ-amido bond of l-glutamine. In this report medium optimization was conducted through one -factor -at -a -time approach for the submerged production of L-Glutaminase by Streptomyces griseus using different additional carbon, nitrogen, amino acids, mineral salts and was treated with different concentration sodium chloride. A significant influence of medium components (g/l) Galactose 10.0,Yeast extract 10.0,L-Glutamine 10.0,Magnesium sulphate 0.5, KH2PO4 0.5 , K2HPO4 0.5, NaCl 40 on L-Glutaminase production was noted. The applied methodology was validated using this optimized media, the enzyme activity 45 IU/ml in 48h of incubation was obtained.

[1] Brosnan, J.T., Ewart, H.S. and Squires, S.A. (1995) Hormonal control of hepatic glutaminase. Adv Enzyme Regul 35,131–146.
[2] Carter, P. and Welbourne, T.G. (1997) Glutamate transport regulation of renal glutaminase flux in vivo. J Physiol 273,521–527.
[3] Cavalitto, S.F., Mignone, C.F., 2007. Application of factorial and Doehlert designs for optimization of protopectinase production by a Geotrichum klebahnii strain. Proc. Biochem. 42, 175–179.
[4] Cruz Soto, R., Muhammed, S. A., Newbold, C. J., Stewart, C. S., and Wallace,R. J., 1994, Influence of peptides, amino acids and urea on microbial activity in sheep receiving grass hay and on the growth of rumen bacteria in vitro, Animal Feed Sci. Tech., 49, pp. 151-161.
[5] Clyde Eyster, 1959, Growth inhibition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa produced by sodium dihydrogen phosphate and its reversal by calcium, Plant and Soil,11(3), pp. 207-214.
[6] Chou, C.C. and Hwan, C.H. (1994) Effect of ethanol on the hydrolysis of protein and lipid during the ageing of a Chinese fermented soya bean curd-sufu. J Sci Food Agric66, 393–398.
[7] Imada A, Igarasi S, Nakahama K, Isono M. Asparaginase and Glutaminase activities of microrganisms. J Gen Microbiol 1973;76:85–99.
[8] Mulchandani, A. and Bassi, A.S. (1996) Determination of glutamine and glutamic acid in mammalian cell cultures using tetrathiafulvalene modified enzyme electrodes. Biosensor Bioelectron 11, 271–280.
[9] Nakadai, T. and Nasuno, S. (1989) Use of glutaminase for soy sauce made by Koji or a preparation of proteases from Aspergillus oryzae. J Ferment Bioeng 67, 158–162.
[10] Nagendra Prabhu, G., & Chandrasekaran, M. (1997). Impact of process parameters on L-glutaminase production by marine Vibrio costicola in solid state fermentation using polystyrene as an inert support Process Biochemistry, 32, 285–289.
[11] Padma ,I and Singhal, R.S. (2007) Production of glutaminase(E.C.3.5.1.2) from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii: statisticaloptimization using response surface methodology. Bioresource Technology 99, 4300–4307.
[12] Prakasham, R.S., Rao, Ch.S., Rao, R.S., Lakshmi, G.S. and Sarma, P.N. (2007a) L-asparaginase production by isolated Staphylococcus sp. – 6A: design of experiment considering interaction effect for process parameter optimization.J Appl Microbiol 102, 1382–1391.
[13] Park, Y., Kang, S., Lee, J., Hong, I., Kim, W., 2002. Xylanase production in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger mutant using statistical experimental designs. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 58, 761–766.
[14] Pandey, D. K., and Gupta, S. C., 1966, Studies in pectic enzymes of parasitic fungi-VI. Factors affecting the secretion of pectic enzymes by Alternaria tenuis, Biologia Plantarum, 8(2), pp. 131-141.
[15] Riberg, B., Torgner, I.A. and Kvamme, E. (1995) The orientationof phosphate activated glutaminase in the inner mitochondrial membrane of synaptic and non-synaptic rat brain mitochondria. Neurochem Int 27, 367–376.
[16] Roberts, J., MacAllister, T.W., Sethuraman, N. and Freeman,A.G. (2001) Genetically engineered glutaminase and its use in antiviral and anticancer therapy. US Patent, 6312939.
[17] Rathi, P., Saxena, R., Gupta, R., 2001. A novel alkaline lipase from Burkholderia cepacia for detergent formulation. Proc. Biochem. 37,187–192.
[18] Rosalie J. Cote, 1999, Media composition, microbial and Laboratory scale,In: Encyclopedia of bioprocess technology: Fermentation, biocatalysis and bioseparation, Michael and Stephen, eds., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York,Volume 1-5: 1640-1660
[19] Sabu, A., Keerthi, T.R., Kumar, S.R. and Chandrasekaran, M.(2000b) L-Glutaminase production by marine Beauveria sp. under solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 35,705–710.
[20] Sabu, A., Chandrasekaran, M., Pandey, A., 2000. Biopotential of microbial glutaminases. Chem. Today 18, 21–25.
[21] Salwa Khalaf and Ashraf El-Sayed, 2009, Methioninase production by filamentous fungi: I-screening and optimization under submerged conditions, Curr. Microbiol., 58(3), pp. 219-226. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9311-9.
[22] Schmid, F.A. and Roberts, J. (1974) Antineoplastic and toxic effects of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas glutaminase-asparaginases. Cancer Chemother Rep 58, 829–840.
[23] Tachiki, T., Yamada, T., Mizuno, K., Ueda, M., Shiode, J. and Fukami, H. (1998) γ -Glutamyl transfer reactions by glutaminase from Pseudomonas nitroreducens IFO 12694 and their application for the syntheses of theanine and γ -glutamylmethylamide. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62,1279–1283.
[24] Villarta, R.L, Palleschi, G., Suleiman, A. and Guilbault, G.G.(1992) Determination of glutamine in serum using an amperometric enzyme electrode. Electroanalysis 4, 27–31.
[25] Yugandhar, N. M., Ravi Kumar, D.V. R., Prasanthi, V., Kiran Kumar, N., and Sri Rami Reddy, D., 2008, Optimization of pectinase production from Manihot utilissima by Aspergillus niger NCIM 548 using statistical experimental design, Res. J. Microbiol., 3(1), pp. 9-16.
[26] Yousuke Taoka, Naoki Nagano, Yuji Okita, Hitoshi Izumida, Shinichi Sugimoto and Masahiro Hayashi, 2008, Effect of addition of Tween 80 and Potassium dihydrogen phosphate to basal medium on the isolation of marine eukaryotes, Thraustochytrids, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 105(5), pp. 562-565.
[27] Zhao, J., Lopez, A.L., Erichsen, D., Herek, S., Cotter, R.L., Curthoys, N.P. and Zheng, J. (2004) Mitochondrial glutaminase enhances extracellular glutamate production in HIV-1-infected macrophages: Linkage to HIV-1 associated dementia. J Neurochem 88, 169–180.

@article{suresh02011001,
title = "Medium optimization for production of L-Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) by Streptomyces griseus under submerged fermentation ",
journal = "International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications (IJSEA)",
volume = "2",
number = "1",
pages = "01 - 05",
year = "2013",
author = "Suresh kumar. S, R. Muthuvelayudham, T. Viruthagiri ",
}