Driven by the growing demand for high-safety, high-energy-density power batteries in the new energy vehicle industry, solid-state batteries have become the core direction of next-generation energy storage technology. Replacing flammable organic electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes, they fundamentally reduce thermal runaway risks and enable lithium metal anodes for higher energy density. While semi-solid-state batteries have entered initial commercial application, all-solid-state batteries remain in the transition from laboratory research to engineering application, constrained by bottlenecks in electrolyte performance, solid-solid interfaces, preparation processes and manufacturing costs. This paper sorts out mainstream technical routes of solid-state batteries, analyzes core technical barriers to large-scale application, summarizes latest research breakthroughs worldwide, and prospects the industrialization evolution path, to provide references for relevant research and industrial practice.