This paper combs the basic concepts of dynamic system theory in detail, including the overall connectivity, nonlinearity, self-organization and attractive state of the system, and the sensitivity and difference of the initial state. And from the neurophysiological level, the hot issues of second language acquisition are discussed briefly, so as to provide a new idea for the research of second language acquisition. It is proposed that cognitive linguistics can provide coherent and appropriate theoretical guidance and method reference for second language acquisition. The deepening of second language acquisition research can enrich and test the theoretical assumptions of cognitive linguistics, and promote the continuous maturity and improvement of the theoretical system. Through the statistical analysis of the pre-test and post-test of the CET4 simulated test scores of the two groups of students, it is found that this training mode is helpful to improve the students' English ability.