With the development and transformation of China's economy, vocational education plays an increasingly important role in cultivating high-quality labor force and promoting economic development. This article aims to discuss the educational logic and high-quality development of vocational education theory in the new era, and put forward some strategies and suggestions to deal with the challenges of the new era. This article first introduces the background and significance of vocational education in the new era, and then discusses the educational logic of vocational education theory, including practical training and experience, adaptability and innovation. Next, this article puts forward some strategies and suggestions for the development of vocational education in the new era, including strengthening cooperation with industry, improving the quality of teachers, and promoting high-quality development. Finally, this article takes Zhejiang Mechanical and Electrical Vocational and Technical College as a case to introduce its successful high-quality development experience and innovative measures.