This paper compares and analyzes two cultural phenomena, the "Japanese literature" of Kojin Karatani and the "Chinese thought" of Yusaburo Takeuchi, in order to explore their similarities and differences and the cultural backgrounds behind them. This paper first elaborates on the connotations and basic features of the concepts of "Japanese literature" and "Chinese thought" respectively proposed by Karatani and Takeuchi, and then carries out comparative analysis from three aspects of cultural contact, historical background and cultural value, exploring the similarities and differences between the two cultural phenomena and their significance for contemporary culture.