This article takes the rural area of Guanzhong in Shaanxi as an example, focusing on the importance of harmonious development between Mandarin and dialects in the new countryside; Exploring the harmonious development of Mandarin and dialects in the new rural areas is of great significance for building a harmonious language environment in the new rural areas, starting from three aspects: the cognitive level of rural residents in Guanzhong, Shaanxi, and suggestions for promoting the harmonious development of Mandarin and dialects in the new rural areas. Deeply explore the current situation of language poverty alleviation and the important significance of "popularization" in achieving the strategic goals of poverty alleviation and analyze the current lack of language poverty alleviation and its reasons, to provide suggestions and suggestions for Shaanxi Province to achieve the strategic goals of poverty alleviation as soon as possible and help promote the smooth implementation of the national poverty alleviation strategy.