Objective: To study the application of the nursing intervention program under the individualized development care and assessment program (NIDCAP) philosophy in the early life of extremely low birth weight infants. Methods: An asynchronous controlled experimental method was used. Clinical data of extremely low birth weight infants treated in our hospital from June 2020 to May 2022 before and after NIDCAP nursing intervention were collected. The control group included 99 patients (extremely low birth weight infants) treated from June 2020 to May 2021 and the NIDCAPl group included 103 patients treated from June 2021 to May 2022. General information of the two groups of patients, NIDCAP quantification indicators, growth and development indicators, neurological behavior scores, incidence of complications, and nursing satisfaction were compared. Results: After the intervention under the guidance of NIDCAP philosophy, there was a statistically significant difference between the NIDCAPl group and the control group in NIDCAP quantification indicators (P<0.05). The daily weight gain of the infants in the NIDCAP group?NG.? was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), the time to achieve full oral feeding in the NIDCAPl group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05) and the TIMP neurological behavior scores and nursing satisfaction ratings of the infants in the NIDCAPl group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in the NIDCAPl group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nursing intervention program under the NIDCAP philosophy can effectively increase the daily weight gain of extremely low birth weight infants, shorten the time to achieve full oral feeding, improve neurological behavior, promote brain development, reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and achieve higher nursing satisfaction ratings.