Under the background of China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative and China-Africa building a "comprehensive strategic partnership", Chinese private enterprises' cluster investment in Africa has broad prospects and great potential, which will contribute to mutual benefit and win-win results for both China and Africa. The article expounds the progress of Chinese private enterprises' cluster investment in Africa, analyzes the self-challenges faced by enterprises in cluster investment in Africa, and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the "Belt and Road" initiative provide government support for private enterprises to invest in Africa. At the same time, it discusses the challenges faced by Chinese private enterprises in investing in Africa in terms of politics and administration, economy, labor quality, international competition, and the quality of enterprises themselves. Finally, related suggestions are put forward from the government level and enterprise level.