As intelligent technology becomes widely adopted and applied, the domain of software testing is experiencing significant transformations, centering around the creation of test data that fulfills particular requirements. Given that traditional testing methods are not only complex and cumbersome, but also have unsatisfactory accuracy and reliability. This article first introduces the basic principles and methods of software testing. Subsequently, the article focuses on introducing and analyzing in depth the latest research progress in software testing based on various intelligent optimization methods. Lastly, this article offers a thorough overview of the present state of automated testing development and anticipates its future directions.