In the field of surface engineering of materials, surface wetting properties are one of the key indicators that determine the performance and application scenarios of materials. By precisely controlling the microscopic morphology and elemental composition of the sample surface, researchers have successfully prepared matrix materials with significantly different surface wetting properties. The microscopic morphology of the surface can alter the contact area and contact angle of liquids on the material surface, while the elemental composition of the surface directly affects the surface energy of the material. The combined effect of these two factors enables the directional design of wetting properties, such as the precise transition from super-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic states. With the continuous advancement of research, the preparation technologies for functional surface materials with extreme wetting properties have formed a diversified system. These technologies not only meet the strict requirements of different application scenarios for the material's wetting properties, but also can achieve functional integration by combining the physical and chemical characteristics of the material itself.