Road factors significantly influence the safety conditions and driving patterns of individual vehicles, as well as the interactions among vehicles in traffic flow. Therefore, exploring the dynamic variation laws of core characteristic parameters of traffic flow holds important theoretical value. By designing uniform and non-uniform motion scenarios, this study quantifies the dynamic evolution process of density, speed, and intensity, and clarifies the formation conditions of congestion critical points. Through dynamic modeling and simulation, the dynamic coupling mechanism of traffic flow characteristic parameters is revealed, and the variation trends of flow and density under different road conditions are predicted, providing a quantitative basis for optimizing traffic organization, road network design, and control strategies.