Voltage measurement is a common procedure in electronic science experiments. With technological advancements, higher requirements have been placed on the accuracy and reliability of voltmeters, giving rise to the demand for the development and design of digital voltmeters. Considering the comprehensive cost and detection performance, this paper presents a multi-channel digital voltmeter simulation system based on the Proteus platform, with a 51-series microcontroller as the core and the ADC0808 analog-to-digital converter. The system can collect analog voltage signals in the range of 0–5 V in real time, convert them into digital quantities through 8-bit A/D conversion, and finally display each channel voltage value cyclically on six 7-segment digital tubes. Through Proteus simulation tests, the system achieves synchronous acquisition and stable display of 8-channel voltage signals, and all performance indicators meet the design requirements. This design provides a theoretical basis and technical verification for the development of practical digital voltmeters, and has high teaching reference value and application potential.