Traditional pneumatic tires have hidden dangers such as blowout, air leakage and frequent maintenance, which restricts their application in special vehicles, engineering machinery and low-speed transport equipment. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a novel bionic non-pneumatic tire (BNPT) inspired by honeycomb hexagonal cell and kangaroo lower limb flexible buffering structure. Combined with bionic lightweight and energy-absorbing mechanisms in nature, the integral three-layer structure including tread, bionic composite support spoke and inner hub is designed. The geometric parameters of bionic spokes are optimized by Taguchi orthogonal test, and finite element static load simulation, ground pressure distribution test and rolling vibration analysis are carried out to compare the mechanical performance of the proposed BNPT with conventional honeycomb non-pneumatic tires and standard pneumatic tires.