This Agricultural equipment electrification is an important pathway to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture. As the core carrier of electrified agricultural machinery, electric agricultural operation platforms have become a frontier hotspot in academic research and industrial application. This paper systematically reviews key literature in the field of electric agricultural operation platforms from three dimensions: whole-machine structural design, power platform research, and energy management strategy research. The analysis indicates that existing research exhibits a phased characteristic of “structural innovation first, configuration research following, and control strategies catching up,” with obvious shortcomings in the adaptation of core components to agricultural scenarios, the construction of standard testing systems, industrial chain collaboration, and infrastructure support. Future efforts should be coordinated around modular universal platform design, optimization of multi-source hybrid power system configurations, field verification of intelligent energy management strategies, and the construction of standard testing systems.