Engineering vocational colleges undertake the mission of cultivating technical and engineering talents. Low-income disadvantaged students from rural areas commonly face coupled developmental risks including economic pressure, psychological inferiority and academic underperformance. Based on systems engineering theory, this paper constructs a comprehensive support engineering system for disadvantaged students consisting of five subsystems: risk early warning, financial aid guarantee, work-study integration, academic and psychological empowerment, and multi-party long-term tracking. Taking a financially challenged student majoring in automotive engineering as an empirical case, student support coordinators carry out full-process closed-loop intervention. The research modularizes student assistance work, and multiple subsystems operate collaboratively to resolve overlapping developmental dilemmas of students. Practice verifies that the engineered and standardized hierarchical assistance framework can simultaneously balance educational equity and talent training objectives of engineering majors. Combined with the operational deficiencies reflected in the case, this paper proposes optimization paths including digital upgrading of the system, embedding school-enterprise resources and cross-departmental data interconnection, providing operable application solutions for student affairs management in engineering vocational colleges worldwide.