The post-COVID period has been marked by widespread building renovations as residential, commercial, and institutional spaces were adapted for new patterns of occupancy, ventilation, and hygiene. While these renovations aimed to improve comfort, infection control, and functionality, they have also introduced unintended indoor air quality risks, particularly in rapidly urbanising contexts such as Nigeria. From a broad perspective, renovation-driven indoor pollution reflects the growing intersection between construction practices, material chemistry, and public health in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines indoor air quality risks associated with post-COVID building renovations in Nigerian buildings, with a specific focus on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM). Renovation activities including painting, varnishing, flooring replacement, installation of synthetic furnishings, and increased use of sealants and adhesives are known sources of VOC emissions such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and xylene, alongside fine particulates generated from sanding, cutting, and demolition. These pollutants are of particular concern in buildings with limited mechanical ventilation and high occupant density. Narrowing the analysis, the paper explores exposure pathways relevant to Nigerian climatic, architectural, and socioeconomic conditions. Prolonged indoor occupancy following COVID-19, reliance on natural ventilation, and delayed off-gassing periods following renovations collectively elevate inhalation risks. Vulnerable populations including children, older adults, and individuals with asthma or cardiovascular disease face heightened susceptibility to these pollutants. The study synthesizes existing measurement studies, building material characteristics, and post-occupancy behavioural patterns to illustrate how short-term renovation decisions can produce long-term indoor exposure burdens. The findings highlight the need for improved building guidelines, material regulation, and post-renovation ventilation strategies. Integrating indoor air quality considerations into post-pandemic building recovery policies is essential to avoid substituting infectious disease risk with chronic environmental health hazards.